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Abstract: High speed cutting technology and its tool holder structure: High speed cutting technology is one of the most rapidly developing advanced manufacturing technologies in the past decade. On the basis of discussing the development history and characteristics of high-speed cutting technology, the article focuses on the study of tool holder structures in high-speed cutting technology, including HSK, KM, and CAPTO, and compares the tension characteristics of commonly used BT tool holders with HKS and KM tool holders. The special dynamic balance problems caused by high-speed rotation and their execution standards have also been described.

1. Overview

High speed cutting is a relative concept that constantly changes with the progress of the times. It is generally believed that the speed of high-speed cutting or ultra high speed cutting is 5-10 times that of ordinary cutting. Cutting speed can be divided from different perspectives. For example, from the perspective of machining technology, the range of high-speed cutting is: turning 700-700m/min; Milling 300-6000m/min; Drilling 200-1100m/min; Grinding at 150-360m/min. The range of high-speed cutting can also be determined based on the material being processed, such as processing steel at a speed of over 380m/min, cast iron at a speed of over 700m/min, copper at a speed of over 1000m/min, and aluminum at a speed of over 1100m/min. It can also be divided based on spindle speed, power, cone hole size, and balance standards. For example, by dividing the spindle's Dn value, the Dn value of a high-speed spindle is generally between 500000 and 200000; For machining centers, they can be divided according to the size of the spindle cone hole: No. 50 cone -10000-200000r/min; 40 cone -20000~40000 r/min; 30 cone -25000~40000 r/min; HSK cone -20000~40000 r/min; KM cone - above 35000r/min. According to ISO 1940, the speed of the high-speed spindle must exceed at least 8000r/min. In 1978, the CIRP Cutting Committee set high-speed cutting at 500-7500 m/min [1] [2] [3].

Research has shown that as the cutting speed increases, the cutting force will decrease by more than 15-30%, and most of the cutting heat will be carried away by the chips. The machining surface quality can be improved by 1-2 levels, and the improvement of production efficiency can reduce manufacturing costs by 20-40%. So the significance of high-speed cutting is not only to achieve higher surface cutting quality [2].

The research on high-speed cutting technology in foreign countries dates back to the 1960s. At present, it has been applied in the processing of composite materials such as steel, cast iron and its alloys, aluminum, magnesium alloys, super alloys (nickel based, chromium based, iron based, and titanium based alloys), and carbon fiber reinforced plastics in various industries such as aviation, aerospace, automotive, and mold. Among them, the processing of cast iron and aluminum alloys is the most common. Processing steel, cast iron and their alloys can reach 500-1500 m/min, and processing aluminum and its alloys can reach 3000-4000 m/min.

China's research in the field of high-speed cutting started relatively late in the 20th century